"The all-new Freelander 2 has been engineered to inspire driver
confidence and passenger comfort over a wide variety of conditions
and surfaces, from sporty on-road driving to off-road mud-plugging.
Our goal was to create a driving experience that felt just as good
to someone trading up from a conventional saloon as it did to an
experienced 4x4 specialist." Mike Cross, chief engineer, vehicle
integrity.
The Land Rover engineers' objectives for the driving dynamics of
Freelander 2 were to combine on-road behaviour that is agile,
predictable and refined, with class-leading off-road ability. Their
comprehensive approach started with the design of the base
suspension system, and was supplemented by innovative technologies
such as an intelligent 4x4 system, Land Rover's patented Terrain
Response, and sophisticated traction and stability systems. Key
contributors to achieving excellent on-road performance were the
new, fully independent suspension system - coil-sprung struts front
and rear - and an exceptionally stiff body using front and rear
sub-frames. Front and rear anti-roll bars provide excellent
anti-roll control.
The responsive rack-and-pinion steering is direct and fluid,
with just 2.6 turns lock-to-lock. Rigidly mounted to the front
sub-frame to improve lateral stiffness, the steering is adjustable
for reach and rake.
"The Freelander 2 is a revelation on-road," says Land Rover's
chief engineer, vehicle integrity, Mike Cross. "Some sporty 4x4s
are more firmly sprung, but where Freelander 2 really scores is in
its mix of agility, responsiveness and ride comfort. It is never
harsh, but is always a rewarding and predictable vehicle to drive
hard."
On-road ride comfort has been a key consideration, and
Freelander 2 surpasses many compact premium saloons - let alone
rival 4x4s - due to its supple long-travel suspension, its
excellent torsional body stiffness, its isolated (rubber-mounted)
front and rear sub-frames, and its large-diameter gas damper
struts.
Off-road it is a class-leader. Its capability starts with 210 mm
(minimum) of ground clearance to overcome rocky, sandy, rutted or
muddy terrain. This also helps Freelander 2 to wade through water
up to 500 mm deep - better than most rivals. Approach and departure
angles are also excellent.
Full-Time Intelligent 4x4 System
An innovative full-time intelligent 4x4 transmission is fundamental
to delivering Freelander 2's class-leading breadth of capability.
Its front-rear torque split varies continuously to suit dynamic
conditions. Only a small amount of torque is fed to the rear wheels
under normal conditions, such as on a straight tarmac road, but in
tough off-road situations, almost all the engine torque can be fed
to the rear wheels, if required. This is an ideal arrangement that
always offers maximum grip in difficult conditions, yet minimises
rear drive - and therefore rotational losses and, in turn, fuel
consumption - when not required.
"The torque balance adapts continuously," says chief programme
engineer Andrew Foster. "So, for example, if you encounter mud or
snow on the road, torque distribution between front and rear can be
adjusted, to give you optimal traction and primary safety at all
times."
The intelligent 4x4 system has been developed in conjunction
with Haldex, whose acclaimed centre-coupling technology
continuously alters the front-rear torque split, normally through a
hydraulically operated multi-plate wet clutch. However, Land Rover
wanted an electronically controlled centre coupling - linking the
propshaft to the rear differential - that could pre-engage at rest
to reduce wheelspin from standing starts, engage quickly when
traction loss was detected and disengage quickly without
compromising stability control systems. The system also had to
transmit the necessary torque to achieve Freelander 2's off-road
traction demands.
The result is used exclusively on Freelander 2, and proactively
engages full-time 4x4 rapidly and completely. A new high-pressure
pre-charge pump charges the hydraulic system as soon as the engine
is started, allowing for full-time 4x4 from rest. It also reduces
the time taken to achieve full torque once wheel-slip has been
detected - within 15 degrees of wheel-slip rotation (compared with
over 60 degrees of wheel-slip rotation with more conventional
units).
The Freelander 2's Haldex unit is designed to allow up to 1500
Nm of torque transmission. An accumulator also speeds up the unit's
response. Full torque transmission can be achieved in just 150
milliseconds. In effect, the new Haldex coupling gives the
proactive engagement benefits of full-time 4x4 and the efficiency
and fuel economy of an on-demand system. Representing the best of
both worlds, it is ideal for a compact 4x4 such as Freelander
2.
Terrain Response Enhances Go-Anywhere
Ability
Terrain Response is one of the core Land Rover technologies that
gives the Freelander 2 its outstanding breadth of capability.
Standard on all but the entry model, it adapts the responses of the
vehicle's engine, gearbox, centre coupling and chassis systems to
match the demands of the terrain. It optimises driveability and
comfort, as well as maximising traction.
On the Freelander 2, there are four Terrain Response settings
which the driver can choose via a rotary control:
- General Driving - provides a broad span of ability suitable for
most on-road driving and easier off-road conditions
- Grass/Gravel/Snow - for slippery conditions, on-road or
off-road
- Mud and Ruts
- Sand
"Each of the settings optimises Freelander 2's suite of
electronic and mechanical controls to suit the chosen terrain,"
says Andrew Foster. "It's like having an off-road expert to
assist."
Terrain Response also controls the following range of stability
and traction aids:
- Dynamic Stability Control (DSC): is designed to help stop
torque to a wheel after loss of traction, but in some off-road
situations torque feed is still desirable, even when traction is
being lost. Terrain Response automatically adjusts the DSC so that
appropriate torque is maintained.
- Electronic Traction Control and Anti-lock Brakes: these slip
and braking control systems are all adjusted and tuned by Terrain
Response to offer optimum grip, braking power and safety on the
chosen terrain.
- Hill Descent Control (HDC): the latest generation of the
award-winning Land Rover technology that automatically restricts
speed downhill, using the anti-lock brakes, and improves driver
control on slippery descents. HDC is automatically engaged on
appropriate Terrain Response programmes. Downhill speed rates vary
according to which surface is selected.
Terrain Response also changes the setting of the electronic
centre coupling, to optimise 4x4 drive in tough conditions. It
works continuously, and made its production debut in the Land Rover
Discovery 3 in 2004.
Large and Powerful Brakes
The Freelander 2 has large vented discs front and rear, providing
stopping power comparable to that of a good compact sports saloon.
The large front discs - 316 mm on the petrol model, 300 mm on the
diesel - are 'reverse vented', so they draw cool air into the disc
over the central bell, which is then vented out from the rim of the
disc. This approach improves thermal stability under severe
braking. Rear brake discs are also substantial - 302 mm in
diameter, for both diesel and petrol. The handbrake is a
drum-in-disc device featuring two shoes per wheel. This achieves
superior hill-hold performance compared with conventional disc-only
systems.
The electronic modulator at the heart of the stability control
systems on Freelander 2 constantly monitors and, if necessary,
adjusts both braking and engine traction to ensure the driver
maintains control of each wheel. As well as reducing brake
pressure, as in a conventional anti-lock (ABS) braking system, the
modulator is designed to help generate positive hydraulic pressure
to increase braking force in an emergency.
In addition to the latest-generation four-channel anti-lock
brakes, the modulator also controls Electronic Brakeforce
Distribution (EBD), which balances the distribution of braking
force between front and rear, Emergency Brake Assist (EBA), which
boosts pedal pressure when full braking is required, and Corner
Brake Control (CBC), which enhances rear-end stability when braking
in corners. It also helps to control the Hill Descent Control,
Electronic Traction Control and Dynamic Stability Control
systems.
Roll Stability Control
Roll Stability Control is the most sophisticated roll-over
prevention technology ever fitted to a Land Rover. Gyroscopic
sensing allows this system - linked to the electronic modulator -
to compare the rate of change of body roll angle with the steered
course. If necessary, incremental brake force is applied at the
outer wheels, widening the turn radius to help prevent the
roll.
Gradient Release Control
Another innovation which makes its debut on Freelander 2 is Land
Rover's patented Gradient Release Control system. Linked to the
Hill Descent Control, this system ensures that, when releasing the
brakes on extremely steep hills, brake-line pressure is released
progressively, helping to maintain full driver control.
Wheels and Tyres
Freelander 2 is available with a wide variety of wheels and tyres,
ranging from 16-inch to 19-inch diameter. All are specifically
tuned to help deliver Land Rover's class-leading breadth of
capability.
The wheels are all low-pressure die-cast aluminium, and rim
width is wider than normal. All tyres are all-terrain rated, so
they perform well both on-road and off. All run at 32 psi (2.2
bar), irrespective of size, load or speed, which simplifies life
for the customer. The smallest tyre offered - on the diesel only -
is a chunky 215/75R16 tyre, while the biggest - aimed at those who
want sports saloon levels of responsiveness on-road - is a
235/55R19 (accessory fit only).
Towing Capability
Freelander 2's powerful engines, strong body and 4x4 transmission
make it an ideal tow vehicle. The petrol automatic and diesel
manual models are able to tow a 2000 kg braked trailer - which is
more than the vehicle's kerb weight - making them suitable for most
single horseboxes, medium-sized caravans and many boats. The diesel
automatic can tow up to 1750 kg.